Bone and soft tissue tumors

Malignant bone tumors are malignant tumors of the skeletal system, which can be classified into primary malignant bone tumors and secondary malignant bone tumors. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, functional impairment, pathological fractures, and systemic symptoms. Surgical treatment is the primary therapeutic approach, with limb-sparing surgery or amputation chosen based on the nature and staging of the tumor. Chemotherapy can reduce surgical difficulty, decrease intraoperative dissemination, and postoperative chemotherapy can eradicate residual cells. Radiation therapy can control tumor growth, while targeted therapy and immunotherapy offer new treatment options for some patients. Heavy ion therapy is an emerging treatment modality that offers advantages such as minimal side effects and short recovery periods.

Soft tissue tumors of the extremities are tumors that occur in the muscles, fat, fibrous tissues, and other soft tissues of the limbs, which can be classified as benign or malignant tumors. Common symptoms include swelling, pain, functional impairment, and changes in the skin. Surgical treatment is the primary method of treatment, with complete resection being curative for benign tumors; for malignant tumors, the surgical scope should include the tumor and a certain range of surrounding normal tissues. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can be used to shrink tumors preoperatively, eradicate residual cells postoperatively, and provide palliative care. Biological therapies such as immunotherapy and gene therapy also have applications in the treatment of soft tissue tumors. Heavy ion therapy is an emerging treatment modality that offers advantages such as minimal side effects and short recovery periods.