Relationship between genetics and cancer

The Role of Genetic Factors in the Occurrence of Cancer

Genetic Genes and Cancer: There exist proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the human body. Proto-oncogenes are involved in the processes of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation when they are normal. Once they mutate, they may transform into oncogenes, promoting malignant proliferation of cells. Tumor suppressor genes are responsible for inhibiting excessive cell proliferation and repairing DNA damage. When tumor suppressor genes mutate or are deleted, their function in inhibiting tumor development is lost, and cells are more likely to undergo carcinogenesis. For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are closely related to the occurrence of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Individuals carrying these gene mutations have a significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

The Role of Genetic Testing in Cancer Prevention

Risk Assessment: It can identify whether an individual carries genetic variations related to increased risk of certain cancers, helping people understand their potential risk of cancer. For example, women carrying mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

Guidance for Screening Strategies: For high-risk individuals detected with cancer-related gene mutations, more targeted screening plans can be developed to conduct more frequent and closer examinations to achieve early detection.

Lifestyle Intervention: Genetic test results can prompt people to change their lifestyles and adopt healthier habits, thereby reducing the risk of cancer. For example, individuals detected with genes related to colorectal cancer susceptibility can reduce the risk of developing the disease by increasing dietary fiber intake, reducing red meat intake, and strengthening exercise.

Genetic Counseling: It helps determine whether patients carry pathogenic gene mutations that may be passed on to future generations. Doctors can provide genetic counseling to let family members understand their risks and formulate preventive measures.