Lung cancer

Sample collection: Tissue samples can be obtained by surgical excision or puncture biopsy. Liquid samples are often collected from peripheral blood for testing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and can also be pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.

Detection methods: Common ones include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), second-generation sequencing (NGS), etc. The detected genes include EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, etc.

Colorectal cancer

Sample collection: Blood, tumor tissue or stool samples are commonly used.

Detection methods: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), next generation sequencing (NGS), etc. Multi-target fecal FIT-DNA detection can detect KRAS gene mutation, BMP3 and NDRG4 gene methylation and hemoglobin.

Gastric cancer

Sample collection: Tissue samples are collected from the stomach wall, mainly by biopsy forceps during gastroscopy, but also by ultrasound or CT-guided needle biopsy, also by surgically removed stomach tissue, and sometimes by blood samples 710.

 Detection methods: After extracting the DNA of the samples, gene sequencing technology was used to detect the genetic variation associated with gastric cancer.

Prostate cancer

Detection genes: mutations in BRCA1/2, HOXB13 and other genes are closely related to the risk of prostate cancer. Carriers of the BRCA2 gene mutation, for example, have a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer.

Detection significance: For men with high risk factors such as family history, relevant genetic testing can be carried out in advance if gene mutations are found, and closer screening can be conducted in advance, such as increasing the frequency of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection and multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) from the age of 40, which is conducive to the early detection of prostate cancer.

Thyroid cancer

    Detection genes: RET, BRAF and other genes play an important role in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer. For example, RET gene rearrangement is more common in papillary thyroid cancer, and BRAF gene mutation is also related to the malignancy of thyroid cancer.

Detection significance: For people with a family history of thyroid cancer or thyroid nodules, detection of these genes can indicate the risk of thyroid cancer if positive results are found, and further thyroid ultrasound, fine needle biopsy and other examinations can improve the detection rate of early thyroid cancer.

Liver cancer

Detection of genes: TP53, CTNNB1 and other genes are related to liver cancer. The study found that TP53 gene mutation exists in some patients with liver cancer, which may affect the occurrence and prognosis of liver cancer.

Detection significance: For hepatitis B, hepatitis C virus carriers, cirrhosis patients and other high-risk groups of liver cancer, related gene detection combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection, liver ultrasound examination, etc., is helpful to detect lesions in the early stage of liver cancer, so as to take timely treatment measures.

Endometrial cancer

Detection genes: PTEN, MSH2, MLH1 and other genes were associated with endometrial cancer. Mutations in mismatch repair genes such as MSH2 and MLH1 are often seen in Lynch syndrome associated endometrial carcinoma.

Detection significance: For women with family history, abnormal menstruation, obesity and other high-risk factors, genetic testing can help to assess the risk, combined with gynecological ultrasound, endometrial biopsy and other examination methods, is conducive to early detection of endometrial cancer.

Melanoma

Detection genes: CDKN2A, BRAF and other genes are associated with the risk of melanoma. Mutations in the CDKN2A gene significantly increase the risk of developing familial melanoma.

Detection significance: For high-risk groups with a family history of melanoma, a large number of moles, and skin easy to sunburn, genetic testing can assist in determining the risk. Combined with skin self-examination and dermoscopy, it can help to detect melanoma early and improve the cure rate.